Understanding Abdominal Pain: What Left and Right Side Pain Might Mean—and When to Seek Help Abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints people experience. It can be caused by something as simple as gas or indigestion—or it could signal a more serious underlying condition that requires medical attention.
Understanding where the pain occurs and the type of discomfort you’re experiencing can offer important clues about its cause. Let’s break it down by side and location, and then cover when it’s time to call your doctor—or head to the emergency room.
Pain on the Left Side of the Abdomen
Lower Left Abdominal Pain:
Pain in the lower left side is most commonly associated with:
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Diverticulitis: An inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) in the colon. Symptoms may include sharp pain, fever, nausea, and changes in bowel habits.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A chronic condition that affects the large intestine, often causing cramping, bloating, and alternating constipation or diarrhea.
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Constipation or gas buildup: Common but usually harmless causes that can still produce sharp or dull aches.
Upper Left Abdominal Pain:
Pain in the upper left portion of the abdomen may stem from several important organs:
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Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, which can cause severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back. Often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and fever.
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Gastritis or stomach ulcers: These conditions cause inflammation or sores in the stomach lining, leading to burning pain, especially after eating or on an empty stomach.
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Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly): This can cause a sense of fullness or dull pain in the upper left abdomen, sometimes linked to infections, liver disease, or blood cancers.
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Left kidney problems: Kidney stones or infections can cause intense pain that radiates from the flank to the front of the abdomen.
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Cardiac causes: Though not common, heart-related issues like angina or pericarditis (inflammation of the heart’s outer lining) can cause pain in the upper left quadrant.
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Lung conditions: Pneumonia, especially in the left lower lung, can irritate the diaphragm and mimic abdominal pain.
Pain on the Right Side of the Abdomen
Lower Right Abdominal Pain:
Pain in this area is often more concerning, especially if sudden and sharp:
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Appendicitis: One of the most common surgical emergencies. Pain usually begins around the navel and shifts to the lower right abdomen, often with fever, nausea, or loss of appetite. Immediate medical attention is crucial.
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Ovarian issues: In women, ovarian cysts, torsion, or ectopic pregnancy can cause lower right abdominal pain and require urgent evaluation.
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Hernias or intestinal blockages can also occur in this region.
Upper Right Abdominal Pain:
This region houses several critical organs:
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Liver conditions: Hepatitis (viral or alcohol-related), liver abscesses, or tumors can cause dull or sharp pain, often with fatigue, jaundice, or abdominal swelling.
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Gallbladder problems: Gallstones or cholecystitis (inflammation) can cause sudden, intense pain that often radiates to the back or right shoulder, especially after eating fatty meals.
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Right kidney issues: Like the left, infections or stones can cause flank-to-front pain.
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Duodenal ulcer: An ulcer in the upper part of the small intestine may cause pain relieved by eating, or pain that wakes you during the night.
When to See a Doctor
While many cases of abdominal discomfort resolve on their own, it’s important to recognize the red flags that suggest a more serious issue. You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:
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Severe or unrelenting pain that doesn’t improve with rest or over-the-counter medication
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Persistent or recurring pain that interferes with daily activities or sleep
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Vomiting, especially if prolonged or accompanied by blood
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Dehydration symptoms such as dizziness, dry mouth, or low urine output
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Fever combined with abdominal pain
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Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
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Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
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Blood in stool or vomit
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Abdominal swelling or a noticeable lump
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Pain during pregnancy
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Shortness of breath or chest pain, which can sometimes present alongside upper abdominal pain and may indicate cardiac issues
When to Seek Emergency Care
Call 911 or go to the emergency room immediately if you experience:
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Sudden, intense, or stabbing abdominal pain that worsens rapidly
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Pain with signs of shock (pale skin, rapid breathing, confusion, cold limbs)
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Loss of consciousness
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Severe pain following an injury or trauma
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Inability to pass stool or gas along with bloating
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Suspected appendicitis or ectopic pregnancy
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Severe pain accompanied by chest discomfort or radiating pain to the arm or jaw
