The pancreas is an essential gland situated behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. It has a significant role in both digestion and hormone production. Pancreatic cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the pancreas begin to grow uncontrollably. In the UK, it is the tenth most prevalent cancer. Sadly, early detection is uncommon because its symptoms are often vague and appear late.
Symptoms typically become apparent when the disease has reached an advanced stage. Even at that point, they can mimic those of other, less severe conditions. The symptoms can vary based on the location of the cancer within the pancreas—whether it is in the head, body, or tail. The most frequent type is ductal adenocarcinoma, which originates in the cells that produce digestive enzymes.
One of the most common early indicators is abdominal or back pain, particularly after meals. At first, the pain may be intermittent, but it tends to become more constant as the tumor enlarges. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes, is another significant symptom. This occurs when the tumor obstructs the bile duct, leading to a buildup of bilirubin.
Unexplained weight loss and digestive problems, such as oily or foul-smelling stools, are also signs to watch for. These problems arise from the pancreas’s diminished capacity to produce digestive enzymes. Changes in bowel habits, including diarrhea, constipation, or fatty stools (steatorrhoea), may also happen if the pancreatic duct is obstructed.
Pancreatic cancer can cause diabetes to develop suddenly in people who have never had it before.
Other symptoms that may occur are fatigue, blood clots (deep vein thrombosis), fever, chills, and skin itching caused by jaundice.
Although the precise cause of pancreatic cancer is not fully understood, there are several risk factors such as smoking, obesity, age, and family history. Since symptoms typically emerge late, it is crucial to be aware and consult a doctor early on. Always seek professional medical advice if you observe any ongoing or unusual changes in your health.
